Could it be PCOS? Understanding the signs in teen girls

What parents should know about PCOS in teens

Quick summary

• PCOS is a common hormonal condition that can start in the teenage years
• It may cause irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and other physical or emotional symptoms, but it can be tricky to diagnose as these symptoms are common in teens
• Speak to a doctor if your teen’s symptoms persist more than 2 years after their first period or are affecting their wellbeing

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If your teen has irregular periods, stubborn acne, or sudden weight gain, it might not just be “normal puberty.”

These could be signs of a hormonal condition called PCOS – and it’s more common than many parents realise.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects an estimated 6-13% of women of reproductive age.

Studies show that up to 70% of those affected remain undiagnosed.

While many people associate PCOS with adulthood or fertility issues, it often begins in the teenage years.

Some girls show symptoms within the first few years of starting their period.

So let’s explore what PCOS is, what to look out for, and how you can support your teen.

What is PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)?

PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work.

It often involves higher-than-normal levels of androgens. These are hormones, like testosterone, that both males and females normally produce.

This hormonal imbalance can interfere with ovulation, and  lead to irregular or missed periods.

It may also cause physical symptoms like excess hair growth, acne, and weight changes.

Despite its name, PCOS affects more than just the ovaries – it can impact the skin, metabolism, emotions, and overall wellbeing.

Key facts about PCOS:

• PCOS is the most common cause of anovulation (not ovulating) and a major cause of infertility
• It affects an estimated 6-13% of women globally
• Among teenagers, prevalence varies between 3-11% depending on the diagnostic criteria used 
• Although the exact cause of PCOS is not known, it can  run in families
• It may present differently across different ethnic groups, affecting how and when it’s diagnosed
• It can be associated with an increased risk of other health conditions like type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol

PCOS symptoms in teenage girls

Teens with PCOS may experience a combination of physical and emotional symptoms.

It’s common for symptoms to vary, but here are the most common signs:

• Irregular, missed or absent periods
• Excess facial or body hair (known as hirsutism)
• Persistent, oily skin or acne that doesn’t respond to usual treatments
• Sudden weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Thinning hair on the scalp
• Dark patches of skin on the neck or underarms 
• Mood swings, low self-esteem, or anxiety

Why PCOS can be hard to diagnose in teens

Many PCOS symptoms overlap with normal puberty.

For example, it’s common for teens to have irregular periods for a year or two after their first one.

Acne, emotional changes, and shifts in weight are also normal during adolescence.

Because of this, doctors often prefer to monitor symptoms over time before diagnosing PCOS.

Some may recommend waiting 12-24 months after a teen’s first period before considering further tests.  

That’s why keeping track of symptoms is helpful as it gives a fuller picture – e.g. by using the luna app.

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How to help teens with PCOS

PCOS can be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes, medical treatment, and emotional support.

There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but the right combination of care can help your teen feel better and more confident.

Lifestyle support:

• Encourage a balanced diet, not focused on restriction but on nutrition
• Support regular movement – even light activity can help regulate hormones
• Help your teen build consistent sleep routines
• Work on managing stress together, especially during busy school periods
• Talk about PCOS in a way that reduces shame or confusion

Medical treatment:

• Each treatment plan is different and should be discussed with a doctor, however hormonal treatments like the contraceptive pill can help regulate periods and reduce acne or hair growth

Emotional support:

• Teens with PCOS may struggle with body image or feel overwhelmed
• Let them know they’re not alone, and that many girls go through the same thing
• Normalise open conversations about periods, skin, and mental health
• Talking therapy can be helpful – especially if your teen is dealing with anxiety or low mood

When should you talk to a doctor?

It’s a good idea to see a doctor if:

• Your teen still has irregular or missed periods more than two years after they started
• They’ve missed three or more periods in a row
• They have acne or excess hair growth on their body or face, especially if this is associated with irregular periods
• You or your teen are simply concerned and want professional guidance

Doctors may recommend:

• A conversation about medical history, lifestyle, and symptoms
• Blood tests to check hormone and glucose levels
• An ultrasound to examine the ovaries (though this is not always needed for diagnosis)

Your doctor may also suggest a referral to a specialist for further tests or treatment.  

Help your teen feel supported

PCOS can be challenging, but it can be managed, and your support can make a huge difference to your teen.

You can let them know that what they’re experiencing is real and valid, that it’s okay to have questions, and that they deserve care without judgement.

You can also introduce them to luna – an app made for teens to track periods, understand symptoms, and access advice in a safe and private space.

Rated 4.8

If your teen’s online, they need the luna app – the antidote to social media

Find out more